El Niño and La Niña are two weather phenomena that occur in the Pacific Ocean and affect weather systems in South America, Australia and Southeast Asia. These two phenomena are the extremes of a natural oscillation called ENSO and qualified as positive (ENSO +) or negative (ENSO -).
El Niño is a weather phenomenon that occurs when there is an increase in the surface temperature of the ocean off the coasts of Peru and Ecuador. The warm water affects local weather systems, causing more rain and thunderstorms in South America and Australia, and drier conditions in Southeast Asia.
La Niña is the opposite of El Niño. It is a weather phenomenon that occurs when there is a decrease in the surface temperature of the ocean off the coasts of Peru and Ecuador. The cooler water affects local weather systems, resulting in less rain and thunderstorms in South America and Australia, and wetter conditions in Southeast Asia.
The impacts of El Niño and La Niña on weather systems can be seen in different regions of the world. In South America, El Niño can bring more rain and thunderstorms to the region, while La Niña can bring drier conditions. In Australia, El Niño may bring more rain and thunderstorms, and La Niña may bring drier conditions. In Southeast Asia, El Niño may bring drier conditions and La Niña may bring wetter conditions.
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El Niño and La Niña have important impacts on economic activities, especially fishing in Peru. The economic consequences can be very different depending on the phenomenon that is underway. During El Niño, the warm waters can lead to a decrease in fish stocks, which can cause significant losses for fishermen. During La Niña, colder waters can lead to an increase in fish stocks, resulting in gains for fishermen.
Since 2020, La Niña has been stubborn and persistent. According to forecasts, the phenomenon should only weaken in spring 2023, switching to neutral ENSO and then to El Nino at the end of 2023. 3 consecutive years under this weather phenomenon, a case unseen since the 1980s.
The 1997-1998 El Niño event was considered one of the strongest El Niño-Oscillation events in history, causing widespread droughts, floods and other natural disasters around the world. It killed about 16% of the world's refrigeration systems and caused a temporary increase in air temperatures of 1.5°C, compared to an average increase of 0.25°C associated with El Niño events.
El Niño and La Niña are two weather phenomena that occur in the Pacific Ocean and affect weather systems in South America, Australia and Southeast Asia. El Niño can bring more rain and thunderstorms to South America and Australia, and drier conditions to Southeast Asia. La Niña may bring less rain and thunderstorms to South America and Australia, and wetter conditions to Southeast Asia. Understanding the impacts of El Niño and La Niña can help us better prepare for changes over time.